Japan's cheap money addiction set to deepen under Kuroda's second term

The government's nomination of Kuroda to another five-year term Friday signals that his stimulus campaign will continue for the time being.

In addition to Kuroda, Tokyo also chose Waseda University professor Masazumi Wakatabe and BOJ Executive Director Masayoshi Amamiya to take over as deputy governors in March.

The BOJ now controls roughly 40% of all Japanese government bonds -- a share 3.4 times bigger than in December 2012, before it embarked on its qualitative and quantitative monetary easing. From taking over almost half the JGB market to defying convention by introducing negative interest rates, the bank has pursued some of the most drastic policies in its nearly 140-year history under Kuroda.

Macroeconomic conditions have improved significantly since. The Nikkei Stock Average has doubled on better corporate performance. Unemployment has dropped to 2.8% from 4.3%, putting Japan at full employment. Overseas growth has also helped, but monetary easing is undeniably a key driver for the country's second-longest economic recovery since World War II.

Meanwhile, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and the government have become increasingly reliant on monetary easing. Pledging to bring Japan out of deflation, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe postponed a planned consumption tax hike twice while ramping up government spending. The national debt has grown by roughly 160 trillion yen ($1.5 trillion) in the last five years. Tokyo keeps expanding its budget without tackling reforms for a social security program under pressure from an aging population.

"The government is the biggest beneficiary of the BOJ's ultra-low interest rates," said Naohiko Baba, chief Japan economist at Goldman Sachs. Despite the growing national debt, Japan's interest payments decreased for the second straight year in fiscal 2017. Fiscal discipline has fallen by the wayside, since the government can issue bonds at historic low rates.